Methods referred to in daily practice as “totally boodless” or “fully closed” usually describe endoscopic or percutaneous (performed through a very small skin entry point) lumbar disc procedures. The goal is to remove the portion of the disc compressing the nerve...
Frequently Asked Questions About Dementia
Dementia is not a single disease. Cognitive impairment due to some causes can be reversible. For example...
Spinal Canal Stenosis
It is the compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots due to narrowing of the spinal canal. When spinal cord injury develops, it is called myelopathy; when the damage becomes visible on MRI, it is termed myelomalacia.
Pseudotumor Cerebri (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension)
It is the presence of increased intracranial pressure findings without a brain tumor. CSF content is usually normal, and no underlying cause is identified.
What Is Tethered Cord Syndrome?
It is a condition in which the lower end of the spinal cord is abnormally low and tightly attached within the spinal canal. It is usually a congenital developmental variation. It may also be referred to as a thickened filum terminale, fatty filum, or tethered cord.
What Is Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation (Chiari Malformation) and How Is It Treated?
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation is a condition in which the lower part of the cerebellum (the tonsils) descends downward through the opening at the base of the skull. This displacement may disrupt the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cause pressure on the brainstem.
Empty Sella
Empty sella is defined by CSF filling the sella region on imaging with a flattened appearance of the pituitary gland. MRI studies report a wide frequency range of approximately 8–35%.
Pituitary Adenoma
Located in the middle of the brain, this tiny organ works like an orchestra conductor that controls all the glands in your body. Your doctor may request a pituitary MRI after some abnormalities in the blood tests to evaluate the functions of...
Coccyx Surgery
Coccyx (Tailbone) Fracture and Coccyx Pain How long does a coccyx fracture take to heal? Answer: In most cases, coccyx trauma/fractures improve over weeks to months. Sources indicate that spontaneous healing often takes about 8–12 weeks. If pain lasts longer than a few months or a deformity develops after healing, a condition called chronic coccydynia may occur. If pain does not resolve, what options are considered? Answer: Sitting modification (coccyx cushion) and activity adjustment Pain control (medications recommended by a physician) In selected cases, injection/block procedures (e.g., ganglion impar block) In long-lasting, quality-of-life-limiting cases consistent with imaging findings, evaluation of...
C1 Fracture
If you have such a diagnosis after an accident, you were told that there was a fracture of a bone called atlas or C1 in the area where your neck and head meet; and If you are then advised to wear a neck brace and come for a check-up later, listen carefully to what I say: The C1 fracture in question should be evaluated with a detailed computerized tomography that can be taken only with advanced machines and assessed by neurosurgeons experienced in this field. Because some important details that can be overlooked in the presence of an atlas fracture...
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